Preheat the oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Line a 9x9-inch baking pan with parchment paper or lightly grease it.
In a microwave-safe bowl, combine the butter and chopped chocolate. Microwave for 30 seconds, stir, then continue microwaving in 20-second intervals until melted and smooth.
Stir in the instant espresso powder, if using, and the cocoa powder until smooth.
In a large mixing bowl, whisk the granulated sugar and eggs until light and fluffy. Use an electric mixer or whisk vigorously by hand.
Slowly drizzle the chocolate mixture into the egg mixture and stir until just combined. Stir in the vanilla extract.
Add the flour and salt. Stir until the batter is smooth and fully combined. Fold in the mini chocolate chips, if using.
Crush 10 Oreo cookies and fold them into the brownie batter.
Spread half of the batter into the prepared pan. Press 10 to 12 whole Oreo cookies in an even layer over the batter.
For the optional cream cheese swirl, mix the softened cream cheese with 2 tablespoons granulated sugar until smooth. Drop spoonfuls over the Oreo layer and gently swirl with a knife.
Spread the remaining brownie batter on top. Crumble the remaining Oreo cookies and gently press them into the surface.
Bake for 30 minutes if using a metal pan, or slightly longer if using a glass pan. The brownies are done when a toothpick inserted in the center comes out with moist crumbs, not wet batter.
Cool completely in the pan before slicing and serving.